Introduction And Literature Review - 1008 Words

CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW From a producer s point of view it is helpful to plan and incite a set scope of transformer sizes. Usually, the terminal voltages, VA rating and frequency are assigned. These specifications decide the materials to be utilized and their measurements. This way to deal with transformer outline has been used and displayed in point of interest in standard course book. It has been used as an outline execute for enlightening college classes at universities., it has been utilized widely as a part of outlining transformers for exchanged mode power supplies. Nonetheless, by outlining to evaluated details, thought is not unequivocally given to what materials and sizes are really accessible. Coreand winding material suppliers offer inventories of favored sizes, especially so for littler rating gadgets. This mirrors the supplier s assembling abilities in expulsion, rolling and shaping devices and gear. It is not monetary to offer clients any size and shape they require. It is conceivable that a s pecialist, having planned a transformer, may then locate the material sizes don t exist. The specialist may then be compelled to utilize accessible materials and hence the execution of the genuine transformer that is fabricated is prone to be essentially unique in relation to that of the outline counts. Because of troubles in assessing genuine winding measurements, the spillage reactance specifically may not be computed effectively. The leakageShow MoreRelatedIntroduction And Literature Review On Hypertension Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Motivation Approximately one in every three adult’s ages 20 years old and older are diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension affects 78 million people in the United States and is equally prevalent in both men and woman (Crabtree et al., 2013). Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hajjar Kotchen, 2003). It can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, neurological issuesRead More2. Literature Review. 2.1 Introduction. The Literature1461 Words   |  6 Pages2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction The literature review of this research will contain different elements in order to give a full in depth review into the Chinese automobile industry’s development and the Volkswagen Group (VW) in particular. The role of Government and the Open Door Policy, foreign direct investment (FDI) from VW, Resource-based Theory are the main issues that will be discussed in the following chapter. I have chosen these elements because they are essentials factors to the ChineseRead MoreIntroduction And Literature Review : The Decline Of Economic Conditions881 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Literature review The early 2000s recession was a drastic decline in economic conditions, which mainly occurred in the developed countries. From 2001, the Federal Reserve initiated a move to quell the stock market, caused successive inflation in interest rate, thus â€Å"plunging the country into† the worldwide economic recession (Ruddy, 2006). The annual GDP growth rate dropped below 1% along with the significant downturn in U.S. housing and the stock market. From 2002, the economyRead More1 Introduction. This Literature Review Contributes To The1652 Words   |  7 Pages1 Introduction This literature review contributes to the activities of the coaching process in ‘EXT 8888’ Medical Device Company by reviewing current good practice in coaching and will cover the following: Background and development of coaching, key areas of coaching, coaching methodologies, coaching models, coaching and leadership development, best practice in the areas of workplace coaching. 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To do that, a general principle of induction motor drives is discussed first follow by phase controlled of inductionRead MoreIntroduction The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department1600 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department of Defense and the National Guard in terms of Homeland Security. The areas of Homeland Defense and Civil Support will be primary subsections of Homeland Security which will be reviewed. For purposes of defining a time period none of the literature reviewed will be prior to September 11, 2001. The reasoning for this being to examine Homeland Defense using literature pertaining to 9/11 and the BostonRead MoreChapter 2: Literature Review. 2.1 Introduction. 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Social Conformity And Sexism A Yellow Wallpaper By...

Comparative Essay Social conformity and sexism at one point in American history were an extremely debated topic, causing some writers to explore these topics through some of the greatest short stories written. The stories that explored these social issues were a Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and another story that explored these debated topics was AP written by John Updike. A Yellow Wall Paper was a story published on January of 1892 and this story gives us an insight of how gender roles operated during the early parts of the 20th century, and AP was published in 1961, this story gives an early insight of the new social upheavals that the rebellious youth will cause against the norms of society. These two examples of†¦show more content†¦Gilman describes the setting by saying, â€Å" It makes me think of English places that you read about.† The husband of protagonist of A Yellow Wall Paper decided to use the rest treatment, which completely blocked out outside stimulu s which also included any intellectual stimulation as well, this is important because the protagonist just agreed with her husband without any questions and yet again her husband used the doctor and husband car to suppress her from any stimulus. Gilman also exemplifies sexism by introducing the character of John sister because shes describes as being only a good housewife, and she blindly obeys the orders given to her by any male including the order to supervise the protagonist. In the story AP, Updike introduces sexism in a different manner and also through a different perspective because in this story the main character Sammy introduces the story by talking about a group of girls that entered the AP shop when he immediately begins to judge their appearance and assigns them a personally based on their body language and as well there appearances. For example, Sammy said, â€Å"....there was this one, with the two piece -- it was bright green and the seams on the bra were still sha rp and her belly was still pretty pale†¦ there was this one, with one of those chubby berry-faces, the lips all bunched together under her nose , this one, with black hair..† In this quote Sammy demonstrates who makes during the 60s viewed

Library System Free Essays

string(38) " that was time consuming will fasten\." Chapter I The Problem and Its Background 1. 1 Background of the study The role of the Gordon Heights National High School Library Booking system is to help manage the effectiveness of library services. A Library system can help in creating an organize list of borrowed and returned books. We will write a custom essay sample on Library System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not every school that have a library has a library system; it is commonly manually operated by the librarian. Meaning the librian manually writes or saves borrowed or returned books in a writing material. Students make use of their library card before they can borrow any books. The librarian proceeds with the process of lending books by the students through the use of library card. The school is planning to switch from a manual system to an automated system so that the files are not all over the place and lessen the time in terms of borrowing and processing of books. Figure 1 Vicinity Map Figure 1 Vicinity Map Vicinity Map Bernadette F. Tamayo Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Bernadette F. Tamayo Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Organizational Chart DR. Roger L. Nuque ES 1-Mathematics Secondary DR. Roger L. Nuque ES 1-Mathematics Secondary Lourdes G. Gonjoran ES 1- ALS, Private Schools Lourdes G. Gonjoran ES 1- ALS, Private Schools Ricardo E. Ednave ES 1-Values Education Secondary Ricardo E. Ednave ES 1-Values Education Secondary Dr. Roland M. Fronoa ES 1-AP, Music Arts Secondary Dr. Roland M. Fronoa ES 1-AP, Music Arts Secondary Daniel P. Miguel ES 1-EPP,TLE, Disaster Preparedness Daniel P. Miguel ES 1-EPP,TLE, Disaster Preparedness Nelson Oliva ES 1-Filipino Secondary Nelson Oliva ES 1-Filipino Secondary Saturnino D. Dumilao ES 1-MAPEH Secondary Saturnino D. Dumilao ES 1-MAPEH Secondary Marietta G. Abuhin ES 1-TLE Secondary Marietta G. Abuhin ES 1-TLE Secondary Samuel Boqueron ES 1-Science Secondary Samuel Boqueron ES 1-Science Secondary Teresita F. Edquiban Administrative Officer V Teresita F. Edquiban Administrative Officer V Figure 2 Organizational Chart 1. 2 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks Theoretical Framework The Theoretical Framework illustrates the current manual process of the daily transactions of the Gordon Heights National High School Library. First, the student needs to present the book and give the library card to the librarian. The librarian will confirm and manually records and write the book information, date received and date to return in a library slip. The student will receive the book and the library slip. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Student gives the library card and the book to the librarian. Student gives the library card and the book to the librarian. Librarian records the information and also writes the book information in a library slip. Librarian records the information and also writes the book information in a library slip. The student receives the book he/she borrowed with the library slip. The student receives the book he/she borrowed with the library slip. The librarian receives the book and returns the library card to the student. The librarian receives the book and returns the library card to the student. The Librarian updates the information and checks if there is any penalty. The Librarian updates the information and checks if there is any penalty. Student/s returns the book he/she borrowed and presents the library slip to the librarian. Student/s returns the book he/she borrowed and presents the library slip to the librarian. Figure 3 Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework The conceptual Framework illustrates the process of the proposed system. The librarian manages the Library through the system. In the system the student will give the book and the book information to the librarian. The librarian will verify the book if available through the system, if it is available the librarian will take the library card. The student will then receive the book. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Book records database is updated and returns the library card. Book records database is updated and returns the library card. Librarian updates the book’s information and the book record. And verify if there is a penalty charge. Librarian updates the book’s information and the book record. And verify if there is a penalty charge. Students return the borrowed book/s and give the library card. Students return the borrowed book/s and give the library card. Librarian lends the book and the information will be save in the database Librarian lends the book and the information will be save in the database Librarian will check student’s information, the book’s information and then she/he will input the information Librarian will check student’s information, the book’s information and then she/he will input the information Students borrow the books and present it to the Librarian with their Library card. Students borrow the books and present it to the Librarian with their Library card. Figure 4 Conceptual Framework 1. 3 Statement of the Problem General Since the library use a manual system, the work load of the librarian is increased. Manual processing consumes more time and effort. The library needed to be organized and accurate. Specific 1. The said Manual System is time consuming. 2. Frequent loss of data. 3. Duplication of data may occur. 4. No security regarding confidential information. 1. 4 Research Objectives General Objectives To provide a Library Booking System for school library that will provide library functions and lessen work. The objective of the project is to keep information of books such title of the book, name of the book, author and any other important information. Specific Objective 1. To be able to create a system that can fasten the workloads of the librarian. 2. To develop a system that can back-up data to prevent loss of data. 3. To provide an accurate and non-repeatable data with the use of the system. 4. To ensure a more secured system that the librarian can only access. 1. 5 Significance of the Research The beneficiaries for the proposed system will consist of the students who are the end users and the librarian as the administrator. The librarian will benefit because the workloads that was time consuming will fasten. You read "Library System" in category "Essay examples" Each transaction would not take-up much time. It will also lessen the chances of confusion or data error. With the proposed system, the librian/user can learn basic computer knowledge. Their computer handling skills will be developed by applying it in the proposed system. This proposed system will mostly remove or lessen the manual procedures therefore improving work efficiency and ease of work. . 6 Scope and limitation The objective of this system is to keep information of books such as titles of the books, names, authors and etc. The system also keeps information of borrowed and returned transactions. As our database, we will be using Microsoft Access and will also use Microsoft Visual Basic 2006 as our program l anguage. The system is only accessible to the librarian. 1. 7 Definition of Terms Library – a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and other material for reading, viewing, listening, study, or reference, as a room, set of rooms, or building where books may be read or borrowed. Librarian – A person who is a specialist in library work. System – A set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. Database – a large amount of information which is stored in a computer. Chapter II Review of Related Studies This chapter includes the review of related literatures gathered during data collection by the researchers. The survey of the related studies is a crucial aspect of the planning of the study. These literatures have been used as basis and guidelines in developing the proposed system. . 1 Related Studies 2. 1. 1 Foreign The University of Chicago Library http://www. lib. uchicago. edu/e/about/factsheet. html As a center of intense intellectual inquiry, the University of Chicago Library shares with the University of Chicago the aspiration to be the most dynamic research and learning environment in the world, supporting the University’s commitment to research and teaching in the sciences, social sciences, human ities, and the College and to using its intellectual resources to help solve the world’s problems. Forty-five percent of the Library’s collections are non-English and published outside the United States, supporting faculty research with a global impact and making the Library a mecca for international scholars. The Library is a leading advocate of digitization as a method of preservation and has created 50 digitized collections that are accessible online, with items ranging from medieval manuscripts to early editions of Chopin scores to maps of Chicago before and after the Fire. The Library also works with faculty to preserve electronic research data including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Oriental Institute’s Persepolis Fortification Archive. Tennessee Electronic Library TEL(n. d. ). Retrieved from: http://tntel. tnsos. org/about. html The Tennessee Electronic Library (TEL) is a virtual library that you can access from your home pc, your school library computer lab, or your iPhone – anywhere with an internet connection. TEL provides access to over 400,000 electronic resources, including magazines, scholarly journals, podcasts, videos, e-books, test preparation materials, federal census records, Tennessee primary source materials etc. All types of not-for-profit libraries participate in TEL and benefit from the wide range of information TEL databases offer, including homework help to new readers, consumer health information, business resources, leisure reading suggestions, current event essays, academic and civil service test preparation help, and genealogy and family history sources. Over 1. 2 million searches are performed each month across the various TEL databases. Since 1999, the Tennessee Electronic Library has been dedicated to providing equal access to this expansive collection of electronic resources for all Tennesseans. At its inception, the Tennessee Electronic Library provided access to 18 databases that covered a variety of subjects, including humanities, education, business science, current events, art, politics, economics, social sciences, law, health, computers, environmental issues and general interest topics. TEL has grown into a resource of 33 databases supplied by six vendors. In addition to the Gale collection of databases, TEL resources also include EBSCO’s Points of View Reference Center, LearningExpress Library’s test preparation database, NewsBank’s Tennessee Newspaper Collection, the genealogy database HeritageQuest online, and World Book Encyclopedia. CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) http://cisti-icist. nrc-cnrc. gc. ca/eng/ibp/cisti/about/index. tml The Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (commonly NRC-CISTI or simply CISTI) began in 1924 as the library of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the leading agency for research and development in Canada. This library took on the role of national science library unofficially in 1957 and became the official National Science Library in 1967. The name CISTI came in 1974 to reflect the wide scope of services provided and the increasing role in the devel opment of electronic information products and services for the science and technology community. NRC Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (NRC-CISTI), as Canada’s national science library, provides Canada’s research and innovation community with tools and services for accelerated discovery, innovation and commercialization. It is one of the world’s major sources for information in all areas of science, technology, engineering and medicine. Moscow University Library http://www. msu. ru/en/info/struct/depts/library. html The Moscow University Library, the oldest in Russia, was opened in 1755. Mikhail Lomonosov, the founder of the University, saw the Library as a secular institution open to the general public and free for all its patrons. In the XVIII and XIX centuries it was the only free library in Moscow, very popular among the readership. Its patrons enjoyed the wealth of its extensive collections and often donated or bequeathed some valuable books and their private collections to the University Library. Today the role of the Moscow University Library System cannot be overestimated; it is invaluable for educating and training highly qualified specialists. The Library provides Interlibrary Loan service through its contacts with 352 institutions in 55 countries, the major university library systems among them. Being the member of the Russian Library Association, the Moscow University Library is a scientific and methodological center for libraries of other Russian educational institutions. The Moscow University Library System includes about 10 million books, 2. 5 million among them in foreign languages; every year the collections are added with about 130, 000 Russian and foreign books and periodicals. The Library is proud of its collection of rare books and manuscripts, including early printed books, early editions of books and periodicals, both Russian and foreign, from XVIII century to the present. The Library Archives hold materials by Russian outstanding scientists and scholars, writers and public figures. The Moscow University Library System currently serves about 65,000 patrons. In 16 different campus buildings there are 20 branches of the circulating library, 63 reading rooms, and a number of reference libraries. The new MSU Main Library Building on Lomonosovsky Prospect was opened in January 2005. In 1990 we started to add the Library’s traditional index card catalog with digitized catalogs. So far we have scanned the Author Catalog covering all the University Library sources acquired from 1755 to 2005. The electronic catalog covers books and theses from 1990 to date. 2. 1. 2 Local University of the East: Library – Library System http://www. ue. edu. ph/manila/library/main. html The Main Library in Manila is the hub of the entire system of libraries in the campus. It is the largest among the libraries in the system. It has sections for Circulation, Reserve, CCSS Library, Acquisitions, Cataloging, Reference, Filipiniana, and Periodicals, which are housed on the second, third and fourth floors of the POD-CIT Building. The book and serial collections continue to grow and are also being enriched with a growing collection of materials in various media and formats such as CD-ROMs, online databases and access to the Internet. Bibliographic access to the library collections is through the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) terminals available in all the libraries National Library of the Philippines ttp://web. nlp. gov. ph/nlp/ On March 9, 1900, the American Circulating Library was established in Manila as a fitting memorial to American servicemen who died in Philippine soil. The Library was organized by Mrs. Charles R. Greenleaf and its first librarian was Nellie Young Egbert. The American Military Governor in the Philippines, by the authority vested in him by the United States Philippine Commission th rough Public Act No. 96 passed on March 5, 1901, accepted the Circulating Library as a donation of the American Circulating Library Association to the government. Public Law Act No. 1935, provided for the â€Å"the consolidation of all libraries belonging to any branch of the Philippine government for the creation of the Philippine Library†, and for the maintenance of the same, and other purposes. To carry out the provisions of this law, a Library Board was constituted consisting of the Secretary of the Public Instruction, the Secretary of Interior, the Secretary of Finance and Justice, and the other members to be appointed annually by the Governor General. In 1916, The Philippine Library, Division of Archives, Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks of the Executive Bureau and the Law Library of the Philippine assembly were merged into one entity, called the Philippine Library and Museum. Twelve years later, the Philippine Legislature separated the museum from the library. Public Law No. 3477 (1928) established the National Museum under the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources and changed the name of the Philippine Library and Museum to The National Library. Without advancing any reason for the order, the President of the Philippines changed the name of The National Library to Bureau of Public Libraries in accordance with Executive Order No. 94, series 1947. This order was followed by the most important piece of legislation enacted in our country up to the present time in so far as public libraries are concerned; Republic Act No. 411, otherwise known as the Municipal Libraries Law, authored by the then Senator Geronima T. Pecson. Republic Act No. 3873 passed in 1964 brought back to the Bureau of Public Libraries its old name, The National Library. Currently, the library is known as the National Library of the Philippines (NLP) pursuant to Republic Act No. 10087 enacted in May 13, 2010. The NLP is located at T. M. Kalaw Street, Manila. University of the Philippines Diliman Library System UP Diliman(n. d. ). Retrieved from: http://en. wikipilipinas. org/index. php? title=University_of_the_Philippines_Main_Library The Main Library completes the six pioneering buildings of the campus, and is actually the first to be built as UP transferred from Padre Faura, Manila to Diliman in 1949. Library users now enjoy the benefits of the Computerized Library System employed by the Main Library. The UP Integrated Library System (iLib) a web-based system using Open Source technologies, which integrates all library processes, is accessible, user-friendly and can be remotely managed. A selected committee started developing iLib on July 15, 200. It was first tested on June 09, 2007 in the library units of UP Diliman, and became fully operational by 11 February 2008. UP Students’ ID serve as their library cards when borrowing from the library. The iLib is now copyrighted, being issued a Certificate of Copyright Registration and Deposit by the NCCA of The National Library on July 16, 2008. Electronic journals and other databases can also be accessed through iLib and OPAC modules. Pangasinan Provincial Library (KOHA-Integrated Library System Online Public Access Catalogue) http://www. pia. gov. ph/news/index. php? article=1941331717775 LINGAYEN, Pangasinan, March 16 (PIA) — The Pangasinan Provincial Library in this capital town implemented the KOHA-Integrated Library System Online Public Access Catalogue to fully automate its library services in the coming months. KOHA is a Maori term which means â€Å"gift† or â€Å"donation† and is believed to be the first open source integrated library system (ILS) in the world. The ILS, which can be operational even without internet connection, was derived from KOHA. It was developed by Katipo Communications for the Horrowhenua Library in New Zealand and was funded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The automation project aims to further implement a more versatile library system. Through KOHA, books will be made easier to locate and research studies will be made simpler, as well. â€Å"We have to embrace modern technology,† said Rafael Baraan, the provincial administrator, during the launching ceremony held last March 9. This project is another milestone undertaken by the province that will make life easier, putting Pangasinan in pace and in cadence with the entire world. Going global using cyberspace as the medium of communication is highly commendable. † Edgardo Quiros, National Library of the Philippines (NLP) Information Technology Division Chief, hailed the provincial government for fully embr acing modern technology that will serve as a pivotal bridge towards further developing and improving library services in the country. Quiros mentioned that as of December 2011, the Philippines has the most number of KOHA system being adapted in local ibraries with Pangasinan Provincial Library as one of the leading provincial libraries in terms of modernization followed by the Cavite Library. With the advent of modern technology in the library system, youth will benefit in utilizing its services for their research and study. In just a click of a finger, information is made accessible to them. It is also useful to those who wisely spend their parents’ hard-earned money. Instead of going in computer shops, they could just visit the library for their educational needs. 2. 2 Synthesis Many researchers have proven that organizing a library is a difficult task that requires a lot of effort, time and patience to be exerted. The bigger the library, the harder it is to maintain. Specially now, many libraries require more high-technology concern. The researchers were able to conclude that objectives and problems encountered of different schools in the study of related literatures are almost similar to each other. They have begun from manual process to an automated or electronic library system. Some of the schools decided that providing high quality library services are needed. Most of the systems said above are web-based and is the modern way on how to use or easy access to the library wherever you are. Chapter III Research Methodology 3. 1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to present the assumptions underpinning this research, as well as to introduce the research strategy and the empirical techniques applied. The chapter defines the scope and limitations of the research design, and situates the research amongst existing research traditions in The Library Booking System. 3. 2 Research Design Methods of Research Used Our group used Literature Review Method wherein the study is focused on present research trends . It involves the recording, description, analysis and the presentation of the present system. Evaluating the credibility of sources is one of the most difficult aspects, especially with the ease of finding information on the internet. We can say that Chapter 2: Review of Related Studies can also be a Literature Review Method. Because when searching for possible related systems. Learning different types of information regarding the system. We can also think ideas that can greatly helped our system. It is very difficult to judge the credibility of an online paper. The main thing is to structure the internet research as if it were on paper. Bookmark papers, which may be relevant. 3. 3 Data Gathering Tools These are the instruments or tools that were use for gathering data in research used as basis for drawing conclusions or making inferences. Some of these tools are questionnaires, interviews, empirical observations,research and analysis used by the proponents as we conduct the proposed study. These are the only instruments or tools that we used: Interview On December 21, 2012 an interview was conducted just before the schools Christmas Break. Our group visited the site for the interview. The data gathering occurred by asking questions for much needed information such as book names,quantity and etc. Research Research is also important for adding any additional information using the internet. By searching different kinds of techniques/codes that can help in the development of the system. Questionnaire A pre-written series of questions used in gathering important information’s from the interviewee. This set of questionnaire was also used in the interview. Analysis Analysis is the process of breaking-up the whole study into its constituent parts of the categories according to the specific questions under the statement of the problem. This is to bring out into focus the essential feature of the study. 3. 4 Methods Used in Developing the Software Figure 5: Software Development Cycle Software Planning This software development method designates a plan in which a system analyst must first identify. Identify the meaning, to identify the product goals and requirement of the system. It must be put into consideration the capabilities of the programmer before deciding the product itself. Software Design Design is a visualization of the outcome of a product but then in software design, time is very essential because designing the software takes a long period of time to ensure efficiency, maintainability and reliability of the software. Software Development It can be considered as the most difficult phase because all the raw materials and information’s that were gathered will now be used to create the whole system. Software Implementation The phase of the software development method where software has already been debugged, documented and tested. The objective of the implementation phase is to deliver a completely functioning and documented Library Booking System. Software Operation and Maintenance Maintenance keeps the system functional at an acceptable level, correct errors and adapts changes in the new environment to provide new features and benefits. Chapter IV Presentation, System Analysis and Design This chapter presents the data gathered in each study. It consists of results and analysis in the form of figures, tables, graphs and text. 4. 1 System Analysis 4. 1. 1 Presentation of Data 4. 1. 1. 1 Feasibility Study 4. 1. 1. 1. 1 Operational Feasibility The Librarian will mainly use the system for record keeping and etc. The Librarian will operate the system from 8 am to 12 pm then 1 pm to 8 from Mondays to Fridays. 4. 1. 1. 1. 2 Technical Feasibility The proposed system will be using any common computer hardware composed of monitor, CPU, keyboard and a mouse. The system will be using the software Microsoft Office. This software was also used for the database of the system. 4. 1. 1. 1. 3 Schedule Feasibility The timeframe of developing the program as well as the completion documents are estimated to be finished within 5 months, starting from November up to March. 4. 1. 1. 1. Economic Feasibility Operating Cost of Existing System Personel Unit| Item| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost| 1| Librarian| P 5,000| P 60,000| Table 1: Existing Personel Operating Cost Total Mothly Cost: P 5,000 Total Annual Cost: P 60,000 Supplies QTY| Unit| Item| Price/Item| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost| 1| Pc| Record Book | P 50| P 50 | P600| 3| Box| Library Card| P 40 0| P 1200| P14,400| 4| Pc| Ball Pen| P 10| P 40| P 480| 2| Pc| Liquid Eraser| P 35| P 70| P 840| 1| Pc| Memo Pad| P 30| P 30| P 360| 2| Set| Highlighter| P 50| P 100| P 1,200| Table 2: Supply Cost of Existing System Total Mothly Cost: P 1490. 00 Total Annual Cost: P 17,880. 0 Electric Consumption of Existing System Unit| Unit Device| Wattage| kWh| DailyHours| kWd| Monthly Consumptions| Annual Consumptions| 1| Personal Computer| 425| . 425| 12| 5. 1| 107. 1| 1,285. 2| 1| AVR| 30| 0. 03| 12| 0. 36| 7. 56| 90. 72| 4| Flourescent Lamp| 128| 0. 128| 3| 0. 387| 8. 127| 97. 524| 2| Electrical Fan| 100| 0. 1| 12| 1. 2| 25. 2| 302. 4| Table 3: Electric Consumption of Existing System Conversion: 1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts Monthly Consumptions: kWd * 21 days Annual Consumptions: Monthly Consumptions * 12 months in a year Total Monthly Consumptions: 147. 987 kW Total Annual Consumptions: 1775. 44 kW Electric Cost of Existing System (In Pesos) Item| Monthly Consumptions| Monthly Cost| Annual Consu mptions| Annual Cost| Personal Computer| 107. 1| P 738. 99| 1,285. 2| P 8,867. 88| AVR| 7. 56| P 52. 164| 90. 72| P 625. 968| Flourescent Lamp| 8. 127| P 56. 0763| 97. 524| P 672. 9156| Electrical Fan| 25. 2| P 173. 88| 302. 4| P 2,086. 56| Table 4: Electronic Cost of Existing System Rate: 1 kWh = P 6. 90 Monthly Cost: Monthly (kW) X 6. 90 Annual Cost: Annual (kW) X 6. 90 Total Monthly Cost: P 1,021. 1103 Total Annual Cost: P 12,253. 3236 Total Operating Cost of Existing System: P 90,133. 3236 or P 90,133. 32 Operating Cost of Proposed System Personel Unit| Item| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost| 1| Librarian| P 5,000| P 60,000| Table 5: Proposed Personel Operating Cost Total Mothly Cost: P 5,000 Total Annual Cost: P 60,000 Supplies QTY| Unit| Item| Price/Item| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost| 1| Catridge| Ink| P 400| P 400| P 4,800| 1| Rim | Bond Paper| P 100| P 100| P1,200| Table 6: Supply Cost of Proposed System Total Mothly Cost: P 500. 00 Total Annual Cost: P 6,000. 00 Electric Consumptions of Proposed System Unit| Unit Device| Wattage| kWh| DailyHours| kWd| Monthly Consumptions| Annual Consumptions| 1| Personal Computer| 425| 0. 425| 12| 5. | 107. 1| 1,285. 2| 1| AVR| 30| 0. 03| 12| 0. 36| 7. 56| 90. 72| 4| Flourescent Lamp| 128| 0. 128| 3| 0. 387| 8. 127| 97. 524| 2| Electrical Fan| 100| 0. 1| 12| 1. 2| 25. 2| 302. 4| 1| Printer| 100| 0. 1| 12| 1. 2| 25. 2| 302. 4| Table 7: Electric Consumptions of Proposed System Conversion: 1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts Monthly Consumptions: kWd * 21 days per mont h Annual Consumptions: Monthly Consumptions * 12 months in a year Total Monthly Consumptions: 189. 567 kW Total Annual Consumptions: 2274. 804 kW Electronic Cost of Proposed System (In Pesos) Item| Monthly (kW)| Monthly Cost| Annual (kW)| Annual Cost| Personal Computer| 107. | P 738. 99| 1,285. 2| P 8,867. 88| AVR| 7. 56| P 52. 164| 90. 72| P 625. 968| Flourescent Lamp| 8. 127| P 56. 0763| 97. 524| P 672. 9156| Electrical Fan| 25. 2| P 173. 88| 302. 4| P 2,086. 56| Printer| 25. 2| P 173. 88| 302. 4| P 2,086. 56| Table 8: Electric Cost of Proposed System Rate: 1 kW = P 6. 9 Monthly Cost: Monthly (kW) X 6. 90 Annual Cost: Annual (kW) X 6. 90 Total Monthly Cost: P 1,194. 9903 Total Annual Cost: P 14,339. 8836 Total Operating Cost of Proposed System: P 80,339. 8836 or P 80,339. 88 Development Cost QTY| ITEM| PRICE| 1| Programmer| P 5,000| Table 9: Development Cost Total Development Cost: P 5,000 Presentation of Values Proposed System Operating Cost: P 80,339. 88 Development Cost: P 5,000 Total Cost of Proposed System: P 85,339. 88 Operating Cost of Existing System Total Operating Cost: P 90,133. 32 Benefits Existing Operational Cost – Proposed Operational Cost : P 90,133. 32 – P 85,339. 88 : P 4,793. 44 Payback Period Development Cost/Benefit : P 5,000/P 4,793. 44 : 1. 04 years Payback Analysis Years| Cost| Cum. Cost| Benefit| Cum. Benefit| 1| P 5,000| P 5,000| P 4,793. 44| P 4,793. 44| 2| P 0| P 0| P 4,793. 44| P 9,586. 88| 3| P 0| P 0| P 4,793. 44| P 14,380. 32| Table 10: Payback Analysis Figure 6 Payback Diagram . 1. 1. 1. 5 Result of the Feasibility Study The Operational Feasibility of the proposed system will provide the information on who can access the proposed system. In this case, the librarian is the one using the system for transactions. The required computer hardware and software that where needed to run the proposed system was given in the Technica l Feasibily The Schedule Feasibility determines the timeframe of finishing the proposed system. It is estimated to be finished within 5 months. The Economic Feasibilt calculates the diffirence between the cost of the Existing and the Proposed Systems. 4. 2 System Design 4. 2. The System Model 4. 2. 1. 1 System Processing Functions (DFD, System Flowchart) 4. 2. 1. 1. 1 DFD of Existing System (Borrow and Return) D1 D1 Library card Library card 1. 1 Input book/s information 1. 1 Input book/s information 1. 2 Borrow book/s 1. 2 Borrow book/s Librarian Librarian Borrower Borrower 1. 3 Record 1. 3 Record D2 Library Slip D2 Library Slip Borrower Borrower Borrower Info Borrower Info Librarian Librarian Book info Book info Book/s and Slip Book/s and Slip D3 Library Slip D3 Library Slip 1. 6 Update Record 1. 6 Update Record 1. 4 Return book/s 1. 4 Return book/s No Penalty No Penalty Book/s and Slip Book/s and Slip 1. 7 Compute Penalty 1. 7 Compute Penalty Librarian Librarian 1. 5 Check for due date 1. 5 Check for due date Borrower Borrower Librarian Librarian Penalty Penalty Figure 7: DFD of Existing System (Borrow and Return) Figure 7: DFD of Existing System (Borrow and Return) DFD of Proposed System (Borrow and Return) 8. 0 Update Record 8. 0 Update Record 5. 0 Return 5. 0 Return Borrower Borrower Goes to Librian Goes to Librian Book/s Book/s 1. 0 Borrow 1. 0 Borrow Borrower Borrower Librarian Librarian 9. 0 Update Record 9. 0 Update Record 7. 0 Penalty 7. 0 Penalty 6. 0 Check Borrowed Book Info 6. Check Borrowed Book Info Librarian Librarian If not If not If past due date If past due date 2. 0 Input Book/s Info 2. 0 Input Book/s Info Librarian Librarian Book Info Book Info 3. 0 Save Information 3. 0 Save Information D1 Book Info D1 Book Info Librarian Librarian Borrower Info Borrower Info Librarian Librarian 4. 0 Update Record 4. 0 Update Record Fi gure 8: DFD of Proposed (Borrow and Return) Figure 8: DFD of Proposed (Borrow and Return) Flowchart of Proposed System (Form Login/Main) N N Is Username and Password correct? Is Username and Password correct? A A Login Form Login Form Enter Username and Password Enter Username and Password Start Start Y Y Displays Main Form Displays Main Form Menu = Book List Menu = Book List Menu = Book Acquisition Menu = Book Acquisition A A B B Menu = Security Menu = Security E E Menu = Penalty List Menu = Penalty List F F Menu = Exit Menu = Exit C C Menu = Book Borrow Menu = Book Borrow G G Menu = Book Return Menu = Book Return D D End End Figure 9: Flowchart of Proposed System (Form Login/Main) Figure 9: Flowchart of Proposed System (Form Login/Main) A A Flowchart of Proposed System (Book Acquisition) Flowchart of Proposed System (Book Acquisition) Book Acquisition Form Book Acquisition Form Start Start Input Book Info/Details Input Book Info/Details A A Database Database Change Book Info/Details Change Book Info/Details Y Y Change Book Info/Details? Change Book Info/Details? Is the Book Info Complete/Correct? Is the Book Info Complete/Correct? N N N N Delete Book Info? Delete Book Info? N N View Book Details View Book Details Y Y Save Book Info/Details Save Book Info/Details Y Y Search Book Info/Details? Search Book Info/Details? Y Y Database Database Delete Book Details Delete Book Details Database Database N N End End Figure 10: Flowchart of Proposed System (Book Acquisition) Figure 10: Flowchart of Proposed System (Book Acquisition) Flowchart of Proposed System (Security) Flowchart of Proposed System (Security) B B Database Database B B Security Form Security Form Database Database N N Y Y Delete Username Delete Username Y Y N N Change Username Details? Change Username Details? Y Y Search Username Details? Search Username Details? N N Y Y Save Username and Password Save Username and Password Username and PasswordCorrect? Username and PasswordCorrect? Start Start Create Username and Password Create Username and Password Change Username Details Change Username Details Delete Username Account? Delete Username Account? View Username Details View Username Details Database Database End End Figure 11: Flowchart of Proposed System (Security) Figure 11: Flowchart of Proposed System (Security) C C Start Start Flowchart of Proposed System (Borrow) C C Book Borrow Form Book Borrow Form Is the book available? Is the book available? Update Quantity Update Quantity Database Database End End Save student info and book info Save student info and book info N N Borrow Book/s Borrow Book/s Y Y Figure 12: Flowchart of Proposed System (Borrow) Figure 12: Flowchart of Proposed System (Borrow) D D Flowchart of Proposed System (Return) D D Is the return date over due? Is the return date over due? Return Book/s Return Book/s Start Start Book Return Form Book Return Form Y Y Calcutate Penalty Calcutate Penalty N N Update Record Update Record Database Database Update Quantity Update Quantity End End Figure 13: Flowchart of Proposed System (Return) Figure 13: Flowchart of Proposed System (Return) E E Flowchart of Proposed System (Book List) Book List Form Book List Form E E Show Book Lisit Show Book Lisit End End Start Start Figure 14: Flowchart of Proposed System (Book List) Figure 14: Flowchart of Proposed System (Book List) Flowchart of Proposed System (Penalty List) Flowchart of Proposed System (Penalty List) F F F F Penalty List Form Penalty List Form Start Start Show Penalty List Show Penalty List End End Figure 15: Flowchart of Proposed System (Penalty List) Figure 15: Flowchart of Proposed System (Penalty List) 4. 2. 1. 2 Stored Data (ERD, Data Dictionary) Name Name 4. 2. 1. 2. 1 Entity-Relationship Diagram of Proposed System M M M M Return Return Book/s Book/s Borrower Borrower Author Author Volume No. Volume No. Librarian Librarian Book/s Book/s Year Year Section Section Book Title Book Title Request to borrow Request to borrow Volume No. Volume No. ISBN ISBN Publisher Publisher Author Author M M Book Title Book Title M M Gives to Gives to Librarian Librarian Publisher Publisher ISBN ISBN Gets from Gets from 1 1 Username Username Password Password 1 1 Username Username Password Password M M Check for Penalty Check for Penalty Borrower Borrower 1 1 Pay Penalty Pay Penalty Save Save Librarian Librarian 1 1 Update Update Record Record Record Record 1 1 Figure 16: Entity Relationship Diagram of Proposed System Figure 16: Entity Relationship Diagram of Proposed System Borrower BookTitle BorrowerName BorrowDate Author ISBN Quantity Borrower BookTitle BorrowerName BorrowDate Author ISBN Quantity Database ERD of Proposed System Book BookTitle Author ISBN Volume Number Publisher Quantity Book BookTitle Author ISBN Volume Number Publisher Quantity Return BookTitle BorrowerName ReturnDate Author ISBN Quantity Return BookTitle BorrowerName ReturnDate Author ISBN Quantity Figure 17: Database ERD Diagram of the Proposed System Figure 17: Database ERD Diagram of the Proposed System Data Dictionary Login Field Name| Data Type| Width| Description| Required| Default value| Remarks| Username| Text| 15| Username| Yes| —| | Password| Text| 15| Password| Yes| —| | Book Acquisition Field Name| Data Type| Width| Description| Required| Default value| Remarks| Book Title| Text| 15| Book Title| Yes| —| | Author| Text| 30| Author| Yes| —| | ISBN| Text | 15| InternationalStandardBook Number| Yes| —| | Volume Number| Int| 15| Volume Number| Yes| —| | Publisher| Text| Publisher| Address| Yes| —| | Quantity| Int| 15| Quantity| Yes| —| | Security Field Name| Data Type| Width| Description| Required| Default value| Remarks| Username| Text| 15| Username| Yes| —| | Password| Text| 15| Password| Yes| —| | Book Borrow Field Name| Data Type| Width| Description| Required| Default value| Remarks| Book Title| Text| 15| Book Title| Yes| —| | Author| Text| 30| Author| Yes| —| | ISBN| Text | 15| InternationalStandardBook Number| Yes| —| | Quantity| Int| 15| Quantity| Yes| —| | Borrower’s Name| Text| 30| Borrower’sName| Yes| —| | Book Return Field Name| Data Type| Width| Description| Required| Default value| Remarks| Book Title| Text| 15| Book Title| Yes| —| | Author| Text| 30| Author| Yes| —| | ISBN| Text | 15| InternationalStandardBook Number| Yes| —| | Quantity| Int| 15| Quantity| Yes| —| | Borrower’s Name| Text| 30| Borrower’sName| Yes| —| | Table 9: Data Dictionary of the Proposed System Table 9: Data Dictionary of the Proposed System 4. 2. 2 Hardware, Software User Interfaces . 2. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Specification Hardware| Minimum Requirements| Processor| Intel Pentium 3 or AMD| Memory| 128 mb RAM or higher| Monitor| 800 x 600 Resolution or higher| Printer| Cannon HP Printer or higher| Table 10: Hardware Requirement Specification 4. 2. 2. 2 Software Requirement S pecification Software| Minimum Requirements| Operating System| Windows Vista or any Windows OS| Microsoft Office| Version 2007 or 2010| Table 11: Software Requirement Specification 4. 2. 2. 3 User Interfaces 4. 2. 3 System Back-up and Control Back-ups can be saved to any driver on the user computer. Or the back-up could be even saved using a flash drive and external hard drive, if they it is available. 4. 2. 4 System Implementation and Maintenance The software will be implemented for Gordon Heights National High School. The School Librarian will be the one using the system. Updating and maintaining of the system will be done depending on the changes made on the school library information. Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation This chapter discusses the summary, conclusion and recommendation of the Software entitled, Computerized Library System for Gordon Heights National High School. . 1 Conclusion Based on the findings, the proponents have successfully developed the proposed system that meets the objective and solves the statement of the problem with regards to the study. The proponents concluded that the Gordon Heights National Highschool Library System is efficient to use based on the results of the study. As a whole, the proposed system and the existing system have a treme ndousdistinction. The difference from the traditional to the proposed system is trulybeneficial to the library, librarian and How to cite Library System, Essay examples

Katha Pollitts Argument About Media Being Biased A Essay Example For Students

Katha Pollitts Argument About Media Being Biased A Essay gainst Liberals And Allan Levites Argument That Media Is Biased Against ConservativesKatha Pollitts Argument About Media Being Biased Against Liberals and AllanLevites Argument That Media Is Biased Against ConservativesIn the nation Katha Pollitt argues in her article Kissing Tellingthat the media is against liberals, and or her views. Allan Levite in hisarticle for the National review, Bias Basics, Levite argues that the medial isbiased against conservatives. Both authors present arguments with deficiencies. They both have motives to be biased. One of them has to be right, but using theproof the two authors sight you could not tell which one. The two columnistseach write biased columns that do not prove their points well. In Pollitts argument she says that the media ignores the real issue. Which is a male harassing a female. She says that the media ignores the othercases of more serious offenses dealing with the same subject. She sights twoother cases that she would have us believe are more commonplace than incrediblystupid elementary school kids. Her first example is the case dealing with thesixth grader who received death threats does not even clearly state what kind ofhate was involved. It could have been sexual harassment, or it could have beenbecause she carried Spam around on her forehead. She only names two cases as herexamples. So in her magical evil people bash feminism land her argument isjust as common as what she is complaining about, or maybe less common. No one istrying to bash feminism. This was not planned out to happen. (I hope)Also, kids in elementary school always are not thinking about gettingtheir secretaries to have sex with them for raises. Personally, I think kids arestupid. Even I was a stupid kid. When I was in third grade a guy, Tommy, bit my ear. Because he bit my ear I have not become accustomed to Sado Masochist gaysex dealing around ear biting. Tommy has not been going around biting peoplesears and getting turned on by this. He now cleans pools for a living. I doubteither of us cared at the time. Although I remember some crying. People who peein their pants in grade school usually do not pee in their pants when they aregrown up to be heads of the country. We would know about it if they did. Manychildren form weird attractions to doing many things when they are small. I usedto think Bon Jovi was the coolest band ever. Now I laugh at my obviousimmaturity, because I do not believe that anymore. Kids have no idea what thehell they are doing theyre dumb and cute. (And getting more sexual activitythan me and those bastards cant even multiply)Even Pollitt justifies my argument of the kid does not know what thehell he is doing. De Andres whole family was famous, until they stoppedreturning reporters calls after he punched an d bit a teacher. The kid probablywill not grow up, and go around biting and punching teachers. Pollitt also tries to argue the point when she asks And how can weraise children to respect anothers limits at 13 and 30 if we think itscute when we do not. She compares what the kids did to sexual aggression andviolence. This is a little bit strong comparison for a bunch of kids whoprobably have wet their beds recently. They do not exactly have secretaries tobribe with raises yet, or wives to beat. When I think of violence the firstthing that comes to my mind is tearing one button from a skirt. (Really) I donot think these kids are anyway dealing with anything but their own ignorance. .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .postImageUrl , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:hover , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:visited , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:active { border:0!important; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:active , .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3 .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98ff56eb4765ab25071a9591fa2f90d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Lake EssayCharge them with stupidity or immaturity. Come on, these kids are not even oldenough to laugh in health class everytime someone says the word penis.Another completely bogus thing that Pollitt suggest is if John Leo, whowrote the column on if he would have though it was so cute if the boys hadkissed other boys. Would the principal have thought that it was sexualharassment and suspended them in the first place? I doubt it. It would appear also that because of Pollitts past history she doeshold some anger towards people who mess with others when they are children. Shedoes not appear to be too much a centrist when

What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience Essay Example For Students

What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience? Essay I find it interesting the way that Shakespeare shows that there are different sides to each characters personality, so that the audience is unsure of who to place their sympathy with. The way that people are referred to as being like objects throughout this scene is also interesting. I also find it interesting the way that Cordelia is presented as being not quite so perfect towards the end of the scene as Lear thinks she is at the start of the scene. This could suggest to the audience that Cordelia has never shown her true feelings prior to this scene. Lear is presented by Shakespere as being quite old and possibly losing his better judgement, and it is interesting the way that Regan and Gonerill seem to be plotting against him which could shift the audiences sympathy towards Lear. We will write a custom essay on What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The way Shakespeare presents Gonerill as having two sides to her is interesting. When she gives her speech, Gonerill makes a huge effort to convince Lear that she loves him most, I love you more than word can wield the matter, Beyond all manner, these words suggest her love goes further than she can say. She could also be trying to imply that she loves Lear beyond her two sisters. However her attitude towards Lear changes when she is speaking to Regan in the last part of the scene, If our father carry authority, the word if suggests that Gonerill does not respect her father, and that she or others do not necessarily belive he carries authority any longer. I also find the way Burgundys attitude toward Cordelia dramatically changes when he finds out that she no longer has any money interesting. When he thinks she still has money, Burgundy says I crave no more than hath your highness offered nor will you tender less? the word crave suggests that Burgundy is greedy and he is always craving money, or it could suggest an addiction to money. The words your highness could suggest to the audience that Burgundy is always really polite to Lear to get more money. Where Burgundy says Nor will you tender less? could suggest that Burgundy has guessed that something is wrong and he is getting worried. When Burgundy learns that Cordelia has no money, he says, Pardon me, royal sir Election makes not upon such conditions. The Pardon me, royal sir again suggests that Burgundy does not want to fall out of Lears favour. The pause in-between Pardon me and royal sir could suggest that Burgundy is very cross that Lear is not going to give him any money and he is going to say something, but then he re-thought his position and decided to be polite. The word election could suggest that Burgundy is only marrying Cordelia for the money, as it is an unromantic way to describe getting married. Also the words such conditions could suggest that Burgundy can not even bring himself to say what has happened. This  shows the audience that Burgundy has two sides to him as it suggests that he only wanted to marry Cordelia for money, which could make the audience lose any sympathy they had for him, as when you marry someone you are supposed to love them. However it could make the audience feel sorry for him as maybe he just wants some land so that he can provide for Cordelia. However Shakespeare makes it very hard for the audience to feel like this as Cordelia says since that respect and fortunes are his love which suggests that Burgundy only loves money. It could also suggest that Burgundy feels he would not be respected if he married Cordelia without gaining any land. It could also suggest that Burgundy would lose the respect of Lear if he married Cordelia. .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .postImageUrl , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:visited , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:active { border:0!important; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:active , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth scenes analysis EssayThe way that people throughout this scene are described as objects is interesting as it raises the issue of value and how the people in the play are seen as material possessions to Lear, which could make the audience lose their sympathy towards him. It could also make them wonder if Lear is only doing this because he is growing old or if he has always been like this. An example of this is when Lear says that Cordelias price has fallen which suggests that he thinks of everyone in terms of how much they are worth to him. Also where he says Shes there, and she is yours sounds like he is disclaiming her as if she is an object. The phrase she is yours makes its sound like he doesnt want her anymore, there is no sign that he has any problem letting her go. The words are also suggestive of someone disposing of a thing rather than a person. The word is could almost sound like Lear is forcing Cordelia upon Burgundy. Also the phrase Shes there is strange because it sounds like Lear thinks that Burgundy might not have seen her. It could also suggest that Lear is saying that that is all she is and nothing else will come with her. The effect this has on the audience is varied. It could make them wonder if Lear is only disclaiming Cordelia as if she were an object because he isnt in his right mind, or whether he truly means it. It could also make them feel sorry for Lear because the fact that he is disclaiming Cordelia as if she were an object suggests that she really hurt Lear. However it isnt just Lear who describes Cordelia as an object, France also describes her as an object when he says That she whom even but now was your best object. This could suggest to the audience that everyone in the play sees people as being objects, he also says Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon. The word seize sounds like he is seizing and object before someone else takes it. This could make the audience wonder  if France is similar to Lear in any way. I find the way that Shakespeare hints towards the end of the scene that Cordelia is not the perfect daughter Lear thought she was interesting. It could be suggested to the audience that Cordelia has never shown her true feelings before this. This could be suggested when she says Time shall unfold what plighted cunning hides; Here Cordelia could be suggesting that in time all true feelings come out. This could suggest to the audience that she has always felt like this but has never shown it before. When Cordelia describes her sisters as The jewels of our father it could again be suggesting to the audience the idea that everyone in this play is valued only as an object. The word jewel suggests high value. The words of our father could suggest that they her sisters now belong to her father like objects. I find the way that Lear is presented as possibly losing his better judgement interesting as even in the first scene it is implied to the audience that Lear is going to make a huge mistake. It may also make them feel sorry for him later in the play when Gonerill and Regan turn on him. In the last lines of this scene when Gonerill and Regan are talking to each other the audience is shown that Gonerill and Regan are aware that Lear may be losing his better judgement and they are wondering what to do, Such unconstant starts are we like to have from him as this of Kents banishment. The words unconstant starts suggest that Lear has been unconstant in his judgement. The words as this of could suggest to the audience that Kents banishment is just one example of the bad judgement that Lear has made, suggesting that Lear has been feeling the effects of age for a while. .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .postImageUrl , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:visited , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:active { border:0!important; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:active , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love EssayThis could lead the audience to believe that Lear has made a mistake in banishing Cordelia. This is also suggested to the audience when Gonerill says He always loved our sister most, and with what poor judgement he hath now cast her off appears too grossly. The words poor judgement definitely suggest to the audience that Lear was wrong to banish Cordelia, and that his judgement is no longer sound. The way that Gonerill and Regan appear to be plotting against Lear at the end of this scene could make the audience feel sorry for Lear as he has banished one daughter and the other two are plotting against him. The last part of the scene could also suggest to the audience that Gonerill tried and succeeded in turning Regan against Lear. This is suggested throughout the last part as Gonerill keeps saying we. However Regan doesnt use this word until her last line of this scene. It is also suggested when Regan says We shall further think of it and Gonerill then says, We must do something, and Ithheat. This  could suggest that Regan only wants to think of what to do, which could suggest to the audience that she doesnt really want to hurt Lear. But when Gonerill says we must do something and then the scene ends, it could suggest to the audience that Regan is convinced that they must do something as she doesnt argue back. My view of a part of this scene I am going to do the part where Burgundy says Pardon me, royal sir, Election makes not up in such conditions Firstly as Burgundy is shocked by the news that Cordelia has fallen out of Lears favour I would have him striding up to the throne as he is saying Pardon me in an angry voice and looking quite angry that he wont be getting any money. I think this should happen because I think that Burgundy would be really angry that he had spent all this time being all friendly and polite towards Lear to get money which is suggested by the fact that he wont marry Cordelia if there is no money involved. As he does this one or two guards should come up and pull him back from Lear as they think Burgundy is going to hurt Lear. I think that this should happen because it would suggest to the audience that Lear may have a lot of guards looking out for him, which could suggest that he is getting paranoid as he is getting older. Then, still a bit cross Burgundy should pull away from the guards and look like he is going to say something else but thought better of it. Then his expression should change into a fake smile and he should put on a patronising voice when he says royal sir. This could suggest to the audience that Burgundy thinks he can sweet talk his way around Lear and possibly still get some money. Then to emphasise this, Burgundy should gingerly approach the throne to show the guards that he poses no threat to Lear, and he should say Election makes not up in in a patronising voice, but possibly with a bit of anger in his voice as well to show the audience that he is still cross about what has happened. Then there should be a pause, as if Burgundy is trying to think about how to phrase his point without offending Cordelia too much. Which could suggest to the audience that he does actually like her, but without her money she just isnt enough. Then he should say such conditions carefully, as if he is worried about what Lears reaction is going to be. Again suggesting to the audience that Burgundy doesnt want to get on the wrong side of Lear and is still perhaps hoping that he can get some money.

Monet essays

Monet essays His work started a major artistic movement in France during the late 19th century and still today his painting are revered across the world by people of all ages. Claude Monet's distinctive style of using small strokes of color to simulate light became known as Impressionism. The name comes from one of his most famous paintings, Impression: Sunrise, which was completed in 1872. Monet was born November 14, 1840 in Paris. Struggling with poverty, his family moved a few years later to the coastal city of Le Havre. This is where Monet developed his love for the outdoors and began to study with Eugene Boudin, one of the biggest influences on his painting. Boudin introduced him to him to the absurd concept of "open-air" painting. At the age of 16, after his mother's death, Monet moved to Paris to pursue his painting career. During this time, he was introduced to a woman named Camille Pissarro, who would later become the subject of many of his painting as well as his wife. His family was so opposed to his decision to be an artist, they even offered to buy him out of military service if he gave up his studies and came back home. He of course did not accept and spent the next several years with a cavalry division stationed in North Africa. After suffering from typhoid fever, his family pooled their money to get him out of the army. The 60's were a very difficult period for Monet, his paintings were not selling well and he was very poor. Some of his paintings were displayed in exhibitions; his most notable was a portrait of his mistress Camille. In 1862 he entered the studio Gleyre and there met the painters who would help bring about the Impressionist movement: Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frederick Bazille. His paintings of the late 1860's were mainly seascapes including The Beach at Sainte-Adresse, La Grenouillre, and The Beach at Trouville. The year 1870 brought along big changes in Monet's life. To escape ...

Hunting as a Spiritual Exercise with the Earth Essay

Hunting as a Spiritual Exercise with the Earth - Essay Example Nature keeps the indestructible force or the whole universe and possesses the superhuman strength to heal itself – plants, animals and humans. Opposing the forces of nature for example inflicting with its rhythm through damaging the soil with pesticides, emitting carbon dioxide, dumping wastes, and killing uncontrollably animals for food or trophies destroys the balance between Earth and human beings. People have lost the vision to embrace and harmonize their life with nature and invested enormous efforts to modulate the environment in a way which opposes the holiness of the natural surroundings. Hunting uniquely carries in itself the self-actualization, wholeness and expression. These needs are more compound than simply protecting and feeding the tribe. Hunting connects people spiritually with their past and themselves. Shepard (1999) examines the people’s relationship with the natural work and how wildlife and hunting predators had shaped in developing human intellige nce. Shepard (1999) believes that hunting as a defense mechanism benefits humanity as it stabilizes the inner spirit of belonging to community. Hunters are actors into the rhythms of life and death, they bear the feeling of the ecological imagination (Shepard, 1999). Shepard (1999) has the strong determination that hunting is the act of organic relationship with the wildlife and insists that through hunting people inevitably reach out for their spirituality. What he claims in his essays (1999) is that hunting was the instrument which transformed the "tropical forest-dwelling prehumans" into an intelligent being. Hunting embodies the honest relationship between humans and nature, and the fact that hunters are in the border line between life and death. Hunting brings people in contact with the natural world through the most natural way - sacredly kill an animal and justify it as hunters have the responsibility to secure the food. Petersen and Williams (2000) point out that in our mass culture few are the tribes in the worlds that perform hunting as part of their cultural heritage and in the authentic role that hunting conceals - namely the fact that we kill an animal in order to feed ourselves. Hunting was a tribal ritual, which both unified the men against the animal and made it easier for the group to survive. Nowadays, hunters, despite their location, religion, or culture united so as to enjoy the pristine feeling of the "sacred game" - the instinctive and inexplicable moment of subordinating life to our power. Hunting is perceived as commercial and recreational pursuit, however, it is deeply hidden in our cultural heritage and brings its essence. Hunting is an ancient game. Hunting is the ultimate source of gaining power over nature and establishing a relation between the group of hunters and the prey and the hunters and other members of their society - women and children. Petersen and Williams (2000) explain that humans have an intrinsic yearning to hunt and fish. Moreover, he notes that the forest green colour is universally perceived as peaceful and reassuring, whereas the blood like red colour as bringing excitement and agitation. We can not miss mentioning that hunting involves a cycling element, because each species have to chase their prey and to victimize it in order to survive. The cycling element is that you have to kill in order to restore the balance in nature. Hunting also has a natural selection component. The strongest will predominate over the weakest, thus the strongest will pass their genes to the new generation and will secure that they will outlive. Hunting has profound

The financial statements of XYZ Corporation Essay

The financial statements of XYZ Corporation - Essay Example The employer receives a tax deduction equaling his contribution in the employee’s defined contribution plan. The employees benefit from deduction of contribution from pre-tax salary, which enables them to save taxes and fund the retirement plan with the gross amount. The tax continues to be deferred until the plan is distributed and therefore there remain opportunities for fast investment growth. The advantages for defined contribution plan are that this plan allows the employees to save the tax payments until the plan is withdrawn, employees also benefit from employer contribution into the fund, the employees will have the opportunity after the retirement to either receive the entire amount or a series of payment over their entire life etc. The major advantage for employer underlying this plan is that it enables him to evade the risk of investment and also the burden of plan contribution is shared between the employer and the employees. Its major disadvantage is the complexit y and strictness of the rules concerning the plan administration (Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans, 2005). Being the one who establishes the pension plan, an employer is expected to administer it and meet its requirements. The employer will monitor and supervise the investment poured into the plan and review the growth of funds. Moreover, he is also required to provide periodical information to the employees concerning the operation and status of the invested funds (Retirement Plan Basics, n.d. retrieved 08.09.06)

Children families and communities Out-_ of-_ Home Care of Children Essay

Children families and communities Out-_ of-_ Home Care of Children (Foster Care) - Essay Example The primary aim of people who run the Foster Care homes is to provide the child with a permanent home with caring parents, irrespective of reunification or adoption. Children who are initiated into Foster Care homes include children who are neglected and abused and basically do not experience a strong and safe support system in their lives. Such children not only have serious physical and mental problems, but also possess a very negative attitude towards life. There is a constant threat to a child’s natural development which definitely takes its toll if help is not rendered in time. It is not only important to take a child to Foster Care during the early stages when the growth of the brain is most active, but it is also vital that the child has a positive experience and a good healing process while in Foster Care. In this context, Welfare systems play a vital role in the life of a child as it helps in healing the damage brought about by abuse and neglect, as well as it plays a very important role in the child’s development by providing comprehensive services. Current Effectiveness of Child Welfare Systems Internationally, for the past decade, there has been great improvement, in the policies and practices involving child protection. According to Lonne, Parton, Thomson, & Harries, (2009) Welfare systems are receiving ‘greater recognition of the importance of preventive, family – focused support’. The change brought about is reflected in ongoing efforts to broaden the concept of protection practices through child- centered orientation in welfare. Programs such as early interventions for both the child as well as family needs have been introduced. Early intervention policies and programs help to reduce the vulnerability of the child as well as the family and also help to cut costs before further damage is done. In addition, Secondary support programs such as Healthy Families (US) Sure Start (UK) and Stronger Families and Communiti es Strategy and Brighter Futures (Australia) are implemented to create social awareness about the importance of early interventions. Ongoing research is also being carried out in the field of child protection, by way of development of a range of assessment tools that serve to reduce the known risk factors which in turn help to strengthen and support the protective factors involving the child as well as the family. According to Stern (2002) such factors serve to ‘achieve desirable preventive effects for children and families.’ Cashmore (2009) strongly feels that though important decisions are taken by professionals who give their expert advice on the problems of children in care, yet family and community play a vital role in addressing these concerns and finding solutions to these problems. Family group conferences are very much helpful because it empowers the family who otherwise has to rely on professionals to sort out their problems. Moreover, according to Cashmore (2 009) family group conferencing helps to build trust between the child, family and community and reduce the stressful situation to the minimum. Judy Cashmore (2009) believes that such family group conferences are extremely important as they help to harness trust and faith between the child, family and community and hence build stronger relationships among themselves that in turn

Logistics management plays a major role in determining overall success of companies

Logistics management plays a major role in determining overall success of companies Supply chain management Logistics management is an integrating function which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions, including marketing, sales, manufacturing, finance, and information technology.(Jonsson, 2008, p 4) Logistics Management or Supply Chain Solutions, both play a major role in determining the overall success of a company. Major consequences are found in supply chain if there is even small variance in inventory; to overcome such consequences an effective logistics is necessary for any organisation. Logistics management involves high level of competences and expert knowledge. Managing from raw material to final stage at right place on right time is handled by logistics management. To leverage opportunity in emerging markets, companies are focusing on consolidating and aligning their supply chain management infrastructure, processes and procedures to reduce costs and improve efficiency. A Supply chain consists of the series of activities and organisations that materials move through on their journey from initial suppliers to final customers. Every product has its own unique supply chain and these can be both long and complicated. (Waters; 2003; p.7) There is a series of steps involved from the origin of services or product and its consumption. The steps involved in this are known as supply chains. The report will provide operations of McDonalds in UK and will emphasis on its supply chain management. Company Background and Introduction: McDonalds Corporation is the worlds leading food service organization. The corporation started out as a small drive-through in 1948 by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. In addition, McDonalds opens a new restaurant every three hours. Big Mac is the biggest attraction and backbone of the corporation. Moreover, McDonalds maintains its competitive advantage by constantly creating new items to add onto its menu. This shows us that McDonalds practices an analyzer type of strategy, introducing new items and defending its existing ones. McDonalds opened its first UK restaurant October 1974. In December 2004, there were over 1330 McDonalds restaurants operating in the UK. Around 60% of these are owned and operated by the company. The remainders are operated by franchisees. Each McDonalds restaurant is structured as an independent business, with restaurant management responsible for accounting, operations, inventory control, community relations, training and human resources. Read more: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyrecruiting-selecting-training-for-success28-194-1.php#ixzz15v72oKUJ Supply chain management strategy: The complete SCP model http://www.tompkinsinc.com/publications/competitive_edge/articles/11-08-supply_chain_partnerships.asp Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion and all logistics management activities. Companies adopt supply chain management to ensure that supply chain is operating efficiently and providing high level of customer satisfaction with low cost. SCM integrates the demand and supply management within and across companies. (Jonsson; 2008; p .5) The quick-service-restaurant (QSR) giant has built an entire process over the years for managing a sophisticated delivery system, starting on the live-animal production side and running all along the supply chain until products reach their final destination as McDonalds customers favourite. Nature and Operation of Organisation: McDonalds Corporation is the world largest chain of fast food restaurant, serving more that 58millions customer every day. A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either franchisee or the corporate itself. The corporation revenue generates from rent, royalties and fees paid by franchisees and also from sales in company operated McDonalds. The menu is consists hamburgers , cheeseburgers , chicken and fish products , French fries , breakfast menu , soft drinks ,shakes and desserts. (McDonalds Website n.d.) Logistics Service Providers: Many organisations do not perform many of their own logistics activities. They arrange logistics service providers to take advantage of efficient and experienced specialists to look after the transport, while the organisation can concentrate on its core operations. An organisation mainly forms a partnership with other company to look after warehousing, purchase of material, material handling and many of the other functions of logistics. When one company uses other companies to run its logistics are known as third party or 3PL or contract logistics. For McDonalds Key stone distribution works as a 3PL. (Waters; 2003; p.90) Keystone Distribution UK is a subsidiary of Keystone Foods LLC, which provides food manufacturing and distribution services to quite a large amount of customers in America, Asia, and Europe. Keystone distribution was formed in 1977 in partnership with McDonalds for its UK baker of hamburger bun and since then company is progressing along with McDonalds. Keystone distributor has been efficiently supplying everything to its existing client need to run the business successfully. Keystones manages a large part of McDonalds UK supply chain and replenishing its 1200 UK stores from mops and ketchup to the essential ambient , fresh , frozen foods that makes up the McDonalds menu. (Logistic Business IT Website; 09.Nov.2009) Structure of Supply Chain: Structuring the supply chain requires an understanding of the demand patterns, service level requirements, distance considerations, cost elements and other related factors. (Rock ford Consulting Website N.D.) Moving of material inward is upstream and outward is downward. The upward activities are divided into tiers of suppliers. A supplier that sends materials directly to the operations is first tier supplier; one that send materials to a first tier supplier is a second tier supplier; one that sends material to a second tier supplier is a third tier supplier and so on to the original source. Customers are also divided into tier. One that gets product directly from the operations is first tier customer and so on to final customers. (Waters; 2003; p.8) http://www.gmtonline.com.my/solutions/B2B/pic/rosett1.jpg http://www.gmtonline.com.my/solutions/B2B/rosettanet_b2b_supply_chain.asp McDonalds deals with different suppliers for its different products and ultimately which aims to provide customers great taste and on affordable price. McDonalds has been working in partnership with household brand such as with Coca cola, Tropicana and Buxton who act as second tier supplier because they supply its products to keystone distribution who works for McDonalds as first tier supplier. Also there are number of other suppliers such as Sun Valley and Moy Park who supply McDonalds with Chicken product all these works as second tier supplier for McDonalds. Also Ecsa, the makers of the beef patties who are key for success of supply chain also supplies its product to McDonalds first tier supplier (Keystone Distributors). All the different supplier deals with Keystone Distributor, who then sends material directly to McDonalds to run the business smoothly by providing on affordable prices, delivering products on time and helps in outward movement of orders and receiving payments fro m customers. Overall, keystone is a important player in structure of supply chain for making upward and downward activity successful. (Make up your own mind Website; March 2009) Managing the supply chain: As the McDonalds UK distributor, its the responsibility of keystone to provide the perfect service and product every time they need and also to coordinate the requirement of hundreds of McDonalds around UK. They work along the supply chain ensuring the quality and reliability is kept while passing delivery to restaurant. In order to achieve this Keystone uses the latest technology and software to work closely with McDonalds marketing and business plan. Keystones ensures managing peak and troughs as they come along for keeping smooth supply chain and ensures there are no out of stocks. On an average Keystone carries five days inventory in their store and delivers three to four times per week inventory in each restaurant. To meet that delivery they have 300 vehicles, tractors and trailers which help them to run these logistic operations within UK and including the Isle of Man and channels Island by delivering around one million cases each week. Their biggest challenge is ensure those v ehicles arrive at the restaurants on time and containing everything being ordered and meeting 100 percent quality of product including frozen, chilled or dry. (Business Review Europe website 10th.July.2010) Inventory Control at McDonalds: McDonalds introduced in 2004 a central stock management function known as Restaurant supply Planning Department. The team build these factors into the new planning and forecasting system called Manugistics which forecast likely demand of finished menu items such as Big Macs. McDonalds deals in three types of stock like every business has: Raw Material: These ingredients go into producing finished product. They are buns, beef patties, paper cups and packaging in case of McDonalds. They are delivered three and five times a week. There are three sections of raw material Frozen, chilled, ambient which arrive together in one lorry so that each product can be stored at their suitable temperature. Work-in-progress: The process of being made into finished product is referring to as Work-in-progress. A Big Mac consists of a bun, two beef patties, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, sauce and a small amount of seasoning. The restaurant waits until the order is placed so that Big Macs stays hot and fresh when served. Finished Stock: The product ready for immediate sale to customer are known as finished products. At lunch time and busy evening hours restaurant will have range of Big Macs and chickens ready for sale to customers. First-in-first-out method is used to handle all stock whether raw material, work-in-progress, or finished product, in order to minimise waste and also it helps in providing fresh food at all time to each and every customer. Inventory Management: The process of making sure there is enough stock at all times to meet customer demand whilst minimising expensive waste is known as stock management. High cost is involved in holding too much stock so McDonalds uses lean stock control method to save money. Inventory ordering manager work with the new stock control system, Manugistics, to ensure sufficient raw stock is available. This helps restaurant to produce the meals required according to the forecasted demand. Forecast is done on the basis of restaurant historic product-mix data from last year, store-specific and national causal factors such as national promotions and school holidays, information from store managers about factors that might affect demand .e.g. road closure or local events and new promotions. Restaurant manager need to ensure that the data they enter into the system is as accurate possible. Every day restaurant manager record opening and closing stock of key food items. Other items are recorded weekly and monthly basis. The store computers system identifies any stock count deviations from last stock count so it gives opportunity to manager to investigate missing product. For example, the manager may have missed off a box of regular meat while counting them earlier on the shift. Ordering Process: The ordering process involves holding a small buffer stock. This is extra amount of inventory held to meet any unexpected higher demand. Inventory manager uses a web based communication software called Weblog to view and amend store order proposals. Each time of ordering weblog creates a proposed order to analyse and amend if necessary. Weblog helps managers to view what quantity have been ordered, how much is the current stock level and how much stock is due to be delivered at a particular time. The system automatically generates a delivery note that gives the exact quantities and descriptions of the delivery. The manager has to click confirm on weblog when they finishes selecting amount of inventory they needed to use. Serving Customer: Competition and increasing consumer preference for variety and healthier food makes McDonalds to expand the range of menu. Customers entering into McDonalds are divided into those who know about menu and those who are new and coming to restaurant first time and are not familiar with menu. Apart from selling food items by itself McDonalds also sell Extra Value meals which consist of a burger, fries and a drink. When customers reaches the front counter and place their order, the till person applies two selling technique. The selling up technique where order is changed by asking customer by suggesting larger portion and also by adding extra item such as drink and another one is suggestive selling technique where any item extra is being asked to sell each and every customer. For example if customers comes and buys two three adults meal and one two children meal and they are being asked if they wanted to buy two apple pies for  £1.50. The till person punches the order on to their till. There are some standard food items which are meant to be held in production bin, the counter person pick the food what is being ordered in a specific sequence which involves cold drinks first, and then hot drinks second, then fries and at last burgers. If a particular food item is not available in the production bin, then the counter person calls the order to the production person who then calls the food order to the grill area. Certain food products in slack period are cooked to order due to their less demand and to avoid waste. When the order in not ready the till person ask the first customer to pay and wait aside if its take away order and if its eat in they ask customer to take a sit and order will be brought to your table, and start dealing with the next person in the line. Every time till person completes the order there is a button served which is to be punched in order to let computer know that the order is finished. As if it not done the computer will not allow taking eleventh order. So every time order is done its necessary to serve it off. Performance Improvement: Keystone manages the supply chain to ensure that there is always sufficient stock to fulfill demand when orders are received. The companys integrated order and management system prints colour coded descriptive picking labels which aid restaurants in stock rotation. Orders are then collated on to a purpose built trailer designed for the simultaneous delivery of frozen, chilled and ambient product stored at appropriate temperatures. This ensures that the restaurants complete order is supplied in one delivery, whilst maintaining the product in perfect condition. This process works extremely well, but there is always room to improve processes. Keystone is working on an initiative that it hopes will further advance the efficiency of the companys operations. Were reviewing the whole of the delivery schedule as well as the entire delivery system in conjunction with McDonalds to try and find a more cost effective and equally eco-friendly delivery schedule with them, says Assal. Thats a major project for us at the moment and were working on that in detail. That will be rolled out in the coming months and it will produce a major cost benefit to the whole McDonalds supply chain. Its also important for Keystones environmental policy to chime with McDonalds high profile efforts in this area. All packaging within our distribution centres, both cardboard and plastics, is collected and recycled we recycle everything from office stationery down to warehouse packaging. At present, we run all our vehicles on diesel that contains five percent bio-diesel. But were working on a project to use 100 percent bio-diesel in all our vehicles by the end of this year, instead of fossil fuel diesel. We believe that will have a neutral effect on the business; it will neither be a cost benefit or a cost saving. We also have a number of initiatives light sensitive switches, low consumption bulbs in our warehouses. We try to play our part and do what we can to reduce our carbon footprint. Its policies like these that make Keystone a truly progressive company, and one that is moving with the times, just as McDonalds updates its operations for a changing fast service industry. http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/budget/ontariobudgets/2004/images/papere2.gif http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/budget/ontariobudgets/2004/papere.html http://lh4.ggpht.com/_k0ovfY0NP70/TGAHWC5Pc-I/AAAAAAAABdY/3kLGhdxvHNk/s800/mcdonalds.PNG http://iamjamesward.wordpress.com/2010/08/09/there-is-only-one/ The diagram below shows the forward flow of materials from upstream to downstream, the bidirectional flow of information, and the movement of money from downstream to upstream. http://www.vivaceproject.com/showcase_html/supply%20chain%20simulation/introduction%20to%20supply%20chain_image1.jpg Flows in the supply chain (from Spekman et al [1998]) http://www.vivaceproject.com/showcase_html/supply%20chain%20simulation/introduction%20to%20supply%20chain.htm It is easy to see that these factors are highly variable in nature and this variability needs to be considered during the supply chain analysis process. Moreover, the interplay of these complex considerations could have a significant bearing on the outcome of the supply chain analysis process. http://rockfordconsulting.com/supply-chain-management.htm